连锁超市成本控制研究——以华润苏果为例毕业论文

 2021-04-08 08:04

摘 要

连锁超市自二十世纪七十年代传入我国以来,得到了快速发展。但由于国际连锁超市在国内市场的占据,以及本土连锁超市在经营管理等方面诸多不足,使本土零售企业面临巨大挑战,市场竞争越发剧烈。成本的控制决定了连锁超市的发展空间。成本控制因为其自身复杂性、隐蔽性等特点,是超市经营和发展中的薄弱环节。

本文旨在对成本控制中的采购、缺货、存储和运输成本中不合理部分进行探讨分析,并提出相应的解决方案。连锁超市供应链成本管理中存在诸多问题,库存成本和运输成本在总成本中占据大额比例。采购系统、信息管理平台不统一,管理者不够重视,导致采购成本不合理;热销商品的缺货率偏高,自动补货系统不完善,导致缺货成本不合理;库存周转天数过长,信息不流畅导致存储成本不合理;配送运输系统不完善,设备相对落后,导致运输成本不合理。完善采购平台,提高采购人员专业素质以减少采购成本;完善自动补货系统,提高管理者缺货意识以降低缺货成本;提高存货周转率以减少存储成本;建立功能强大的配送中心,引进先进设备以减少运输成本等等。

关键词:连锁超市;采购成本;缺货成本;运输成本

The Cost Control of Chain-like Supermarket——China Resources Suguo for Example

ABSTRACT

Since the Chain-like supermarkets entered China in 1970s,they have developed rapidly. However, with the international Chain-like supermarkets occupying the domestic market, and the disadvantages of operating and management of indigenous chain supermarkets, domestic retail chains have confronted with enormous challenges. Market competition is getting more sharply. The control of cost determines the development space of chain supermarket. The cost control is vulnerable spot during the period of supermarket's operating and progress, for its characteristics, liking complexity, invisibility and so on.

The aim of this article is to discuss and analyze the problems about purchasing, stockout , storage and transportation which enterprises are faced with, and come up with related solutions. There are several shortages in supply chain management of chain supermarkets. The proportion of inventory cost and transportation cost is large. The purchasing system and information management platform are inconsistent, and managers despise this cost, result in the increasing purchasing cost. The shortage rate of fast-selling products is lightly high, the automated restocking system is incomplete, result in the increasing cost of lack of goods. The days of average inventory on hand is long, and the information transmission is unsmooth, result in the increasing shortage cost. The transportation system is incomplete, and transport equipments are backward, result in the increasing transportation cost. Completing the purchasing platform ,and improving the professional quality of purchasing professional to reduce purchasing cost . Completing the automated restocking system ,and strengthening managers' awareness of shortage to reduce the cost of lack of goods .Improving the inventory turnover to reduce shortage cost. Building functional distribution center to reduce transportation cost.

Key words:Chain-like supermarket; purchasing cost; shortage cost; transportation cost

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及研究意义 1

1.2 华润苏果的相关信息 2

1.3 国内外文献研究 3

1.3.1 国外研究概况 3

1.3.2 国内研究概况 3

1.3.3 国内外研究综述 5

2 我国连锁超市成本控制中存在的问题 6

2.1 库存成本不合理 6

2.1.1 采购管理不合理 6

2.1.2 缺货成本不合理 7

2.1.3 存储成本不合理 8

2.2 物流配送体系不合理 10

2.3 人员组织架构不合理 13

3 完善成本控制的措施 15

3.1 降低存货成本 15

3.1.1 完善采购管理 15

3.1.2 降低缺货成本 16

3.1.3 降低存储成本 16

3.2 优化配送运输体系 17

3.3 完善人员组织架构 19

结论 20

致谢 21

参考文献 22

1 绪论

1.1 研究背景及研究意义

改革开放以来,连锁超市经营模式在我国已然有了飞速的发展,成为日常生活中最常见的零售平台。21世纪以来我国的连锁超市不断开拓市场,从最初的外资连锁超市独霸市场到如今已有多家国内的连锁超市渐渐走出国门,我国连锁超市的发展一路上高歌猛进,至今依旧有着不错的前进趋势。

纵向考量,国家总体经济的飞速发展,人们生活水平不断提高,为各行各业提供了巨大的发展平台,零售企业同样拥有着十分广阔的发展空间,有潜藏外部市场亟待发掘。而横向比较,我国连锁超市与外资连锁超市还有较大的差距,加之近几年兴起的电商,增大了连锁超市所面临的压力,如果不加以调整,即使市场广阔也难以有明显的进步。

外资连锁超市上世纪九十年代大量进入中国市场,相对国内的连锁超市,他们的经营结构相对完善,经营理念也更为成熟。在国内连锁超市发展前期,政府扶持、市场广阔等综合原因促使相关企业有了较快的发展,但时至今日,面对外资连锁超市的挑战,国内连锁超市已现疲态。近几年,网购市场发展繁荣,大批消费者由实体零售超市转向“天猫超市”、“1号店”等网络购货平台,本土连锁超市遭到不断冲击。

由表1.1中数据可以看出,2015年排名前十的连锁企业,有三家销售增长率呈负增长,三家门店增长率为负值,华润万家以-17.7%的门店增长率在十所企业中排名最末。外资连锁超市和网络购物平台的兴起,使得实体零售业发展受限。

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