摘 要

在我国中小企业众多，发展水平参差不齐，普遍较低。众多的中小企业分布在各行各业，在很大程度上活跃了市场经济，在我国国民经济中扮演着重要的角色。然而，在中小企业发展过程中，由于自身的资金实力弱、发展水平较低等严重影响了中小企业的发展。另外，在中小企业融资难的问题上，虽然我国政府也出台过相关措施，但在具体的实施过程中相关的政策执行不到位，没能为解决中小企业融资难问题提供实质上的帮助，最终使中小企业仍面临不好的内外部融资环境，融资难问题依然存在，而这些障碍已经成为阻碍了中小企业发展重要原因。因此，解决中小企业融资难问题，对于推动中小企业发的展非常重要。

本文对中小企业的融资环境进行分析，发现中小企业融资过程中的特点及面临的困难，并在调查分析的基础上提出一些解决中小企业融资难问题的建议及措施，来推动中小企业朝更高水平发展，使中小企业更好地服务于我国经济的发展。

关键词：中小企业、融资、资本市场

A discussion on the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises

Abstract

Many small and medium-sized enterprises in our country have uneven development levels and are generally low. Many small and medium-sized enterprises are distributed in all walks of life. To a large extent, they have an active role in the market economy, meet the market demand, increase fiscal revenue, provide more jobs, and have an important role in solving employment issues. The national economy plays an important role. However, in the process of SME development, due to its weak financial strength and low level of development, it has seriously affected the development of SMEs. In addition, on the issue of financing difficulties for SMEs, although the Chinese government has also issued relevant measures, the implementation of relevant policies in the specific implementation process is not in place, and it has not been able to provide substantial help for solving the financing difficulties of SMEs. In the end, the internal and external financing environment faced by SMEs is very poor, and the financing difficulties still exist. These obstacles have become an important reason that hinders the development of SMEs. Therefore, it is very important to promote the development of SMEs to solve the problem of financing difficulties for SMEs. This article takes Xuanwei Huangma Food Company as an example to analyze its financing environment and finds out the company's difficulties in the financing process. Based on the investigation and analysis, it puts forward some suggestions and measures to solve the financing difficulties of SMEs to promote Small and medium-sized enterprises are developing toward a higher level, so that SMEs can better serve their economic development.

Key words: Small and medium-sized enterprises; Financing; The capital market

目 录

绪论............................................................................1

1中小企业融资概述..............................................................2

1.1中小企业的概念.............................................................2

1.2中小企业融资的概念.........................................................2

2中小企业融资特点..............................................................3

2.1中小企业的融资渠道单一.....................................................3

2.2中小企业信息透明度低，且过于关注股权、控制权...............................4

3中小企业融资难现状的原因......................................................5

3.1中小企业贷款融资的成本较高.................................................5

3.2中小企业财务不透明.........................................................5

3.3处在不同的生命周期的企业筹资难易程度不一样.................................6

3.4中小企业外部融资不足.......................................................6

3.5融资渠道单一...............................................................6

3.6政府政策和支持力度不够.....................................................7

4解决中小企业融资问题的措施....................................................8

4.1对金融机构进行改革创新.....................................................8

4.2完善中小企业信用评估机制...................................................8

4.3加强中小企业自身能力建设...................................................8

4.4改善中小企业外部融资环境...................................................9

4.5开创出新的融资渠道和方式...................................................9

4.6放宽政策限制，允许和保护民间借贷...........................................9

4.7建立健全信用担保体系......................................................10

结论...........................................................................11

致谢...........................................................................13

参考文献.......................................................................14

绪论

中小企业在我国发展由来已久，数量众多，随着我国市场改革进行发展，中小企业的发展水平也显著提高，为我国经济增长贡献了重要力量。然而中小企业由于自身的优势资源欠缺，在发展的过程中也遇到了很多的障碍。在我国的中小企业中占很大比例的部分是家族式经营和个体自主式经营，这也导致在这种传统的经营机制下中小企业的管理者更多关注控制权问题，其发展的好坏在很大程度上依赖于管理者个人能力的高低，致使中小企业发展过程中速度水平参差不齐，普遍水平较低。另外，近些年由于物价的快速上涨，使中小企业在经营过程中的成本呈现日趋增长的趋势，导致中小企业在具体的经营过程中障碍越来越多。同时，由于政策支持力度不够，以及市场监管的不到位，中小企业在进行融资的过程中出现了很多的道德风险和逆向选择，最终使中企业在进行融资的过程中遇到了很多的障碍，严重限制了中小企业的发展。中小企业融资难问题是一个社会普遍关心的问题，近些年来我国政府部门以及相关的金融机构也出台过一些相关的措施，但是在解决中小企业融资难这个问题上却收效胜微。所以中小企业融资难问题依然存在，今后还将继续去探索解决中小企业融资难的措施及对策。

解决中小企业融资难的问题需要从内外部两个方面入手。一方面，作为内部突破口，需要中小企业不断提高自身的实力和抵御风险的能力，不断的提高的自身的信用等级，为自身进行内部融资做好充足的准备，同时也为自身在市场获得更多优质融资渠道准备好条件。另一方面，需要市场和政府机构不断地进行深化改革和创新，不断拓宽中小融资的渠道，为中小企业进行融资创造良好的环境。