我国中小企业融资困境分析毕业论文

 2021-04-08 07:04

摘 要

近年来,我国的中小企业无论在税收、 GDP水平、科技创新,还是在促进乡镇就业、提升居民生活质量方面发面都发挥着如火如荼的作用, 但是其发挥的作用未能与其在社会上受的关注成正比,事实上,中小企业不仅没有受到社会各界的关注,相反,一些政策往往阻碍了中小企业的发展。为了解决这个问题,弄清楚中小企业是什么或者如何界定中小企业非常重要。如果将判断经济发展的标准定义为木桶内水的高度,将国有企业或大型企业比作一只木桶的长板,中国的小型企业或不受政府重视但有潜在发展空间的企业比作短板,那么即使大型企业发展再好、国家给予的优惠政策再多,恐怕我国的经济也未必能够发展得健全、昌盛。

随着全球经济环境等外部条件的不断变化,影响中小企业融资的因素也在相应发生变化。本文第一章是本课题的研究背景和研究意义;文章的第二章描述了中小企业概念、意义等的相关方面。第三章描述了中国中小企业发展的现状和目前的融资状况;第四章重点分析了中小企业融资困境形成的原因;文章第五章从内部和外部并结合国外发达国家举例说明了对中小企业融资难提出了相关的建议及措施从而进一步完善和促进我国经济的健康发展。

关键词:中小企业;融资;现状;成因;对策

An Analysis of the financing difficulties of small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China

ABSTRACT

In recent years, small and medium-sized enterprises in our country have played a very active role in terms of tax revenue, GDP level, scientific and technological innovation, promotion of township employment and improvement of the quality of life of the residents. However, its role has not been directly proportional to the attention it has received in society. In fact, small and medium-sized enterprises have not only failed to receive attention from all sectors of society, but on the contrary, some policies have often hindered the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In order to solve this problem, It is very important to find out what SME s are, or how SME s are defined. The second chapter of this paper elaborates the related concepts. The problem of financing difficulties for SME s is not only in our country. Small and medium-sized enterprises around the world are facing the same problem. If state-owned or large enterprises are compared to a wooden bucket, small Chinese enterprises or enterprises that are not valued by the government are compared to short boards. The standard of judging economic development is defined as the height of water in the barrel, so even if the large enterprises develop better, the more preferential policies the country gives, I am afraid the economy of our country may not be able to develop well and prosper.

With the changing global economic situation, the factors that affect the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises are also changing. This paper will focus on the general law of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. The first chapter is the research background and significance of this topic. The second chapter describes the related aspects of the concept of small and medium-sized enterprises. The third chapter describes the current situation of enterprise development and financing in China. Chapter 4th makes an empirical analysis on the financing difficulties of SME s, and Chapter 5th summarizes the reasons for the formation of the financing difficulties of SME s. In Chapter 6th, the author puts forward some suggestions and measures to improve and promote the healthy development of China's economy.

Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; financing; current situation; government; causes; countermeasures

目录

1 绪论 5

1.1研究背景及研究意义 5

2 理论基础 7

2.1相关概念界定 8

2.1.1中小企业的界定 8

2.1.2中小企业融资的概念 9

2.1.3中小企业融资的意义 10

3 我国中小企业融资现状 11

3.1目前我国中小企业融资途径 11

3.2我国中小企业融资特点 12

3.2.1自身劣势导致融资途径困乏 13

3.2.2融资成本、融资风险高 13

3.2.3过于依赖金融机构,自有资金匮乏 14

4 我国中小企业融资难原因分析 15

4.1中小企业自身的局限性 15

4.1.1中小企业经营平均周期短 15

4.1.2 中小企业管理基础薄弱 15

4.1.3 中小企业技术创新不足 16

4.1.4 中小企业资金需求次数多、资金数额少 16

4.1.5 部分中小企业目标不明确 17

4.2中小企业外部的限制 17

4.2.1银行等金融机构设立门槛过高 17

4.2.2银行加强内部贷款相关制度 18

4.2.3 银行缺乏针对中小企业的专门服务 18

4.2.3政府缺乏支持、相关政策没有足够的约束力 19

4.2.4 我国信用担保体系建立不健全 19

4.2.5 市场活跃、加大融资难度 20

5 缓解我国中小企业融资困境的建议及对策 20

5.1 中小企业树立诚信意识并完善财务信息 20

5.2中小企业逐步加大科技创新 21

5.3 中小企业与中小企业联合筹资 21

5.4银行等金融机构为中小企业设立专门渠道 22

5.5转变政府职能并加大扶持力度 23

致 谢 25

参考文献 25

1 绪论

1.1研究背景及研究意义

自我国成立以来以来,新中国的经济面貌有了巨大的改变,据我国相关数据调查显示,目前,我国注册的中小企业超过6100多万户,较之于2016年的99.6%,又有所提高。与此同时,中小企业在缓解就业压力方面,为城镇就业人口提供了高达75%以上的就业机会,税收贡献率也超过了一半以上,其在构建市场经济主体以及促进中国社会发展中起到了至关重要的作用,但是,由于中小型企业自身的局限,金融体系以及国家政策的限制等,其在发展过程中却面临着层层障碍,其中最为突出的便是融资问题,我国中小型企业正面临着融资成本高,融资难等融资困境,据相关数据显示,我国99%的企业均为中小型企业,但其贷款数额不及贷款总数额的百分之二十,融资是中小企业走上发展之路必不可少的一部分,作为国民经济发展的重要主力军,如果这种局面长期存在,那么其势必会对我国中小企的发展带来巨大的创伤,中小企业作为一个客观存在,必然有其存在的合理性和必要性,这一普遍现象的产生是经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物[1]。随着中小企业的不断发展,其有限的资金可能无法满足自身的需求,据了解,中小企业的资金来源大多都来源于亲属朋友之间的借贷,可是这依旧无法满足企业的发展需求,那么此时中小企业便向银行等金融机构伸出求助之手,但是由于大多数金融机构设立的门槛过高,中企业根本无法达到其设立的标准,再者由于通货膨胀的压力[2],2011年后我国金融机构的信贷政策也变得紧缩,中小企业融资可谓是困难得雪上加霜,近几年中小企业因资金不足而导致的资金链断裂,最终破产,走向衰败的实例并不鲜见,所以当前的燃眉之急便是解决中小企业融资难问题。因此为了更好地促进我国整体的健康发展,解决好中小型企业融资难问题必须尽快提上日程。

图1.2016年末中小企业户数占比全部企业情况

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